1. Read Source 32. What reasons did the Soviet Union give for cutting off West Berlin?
Technical difficulties and shortage of coal.
2. Why do you think the USA did not believe these were genuine reasons?
The US knew that the intentions of the Germans were worse than just an "accidental situation" and that they were trying to block Berlin from something.
3. How do Sources 33-35 differ in their interpretation of the blockade?
Sources 33 and 34 say that Germany and the Soviets had the upper hand in the situation and that the US would never be able to get through them but Source 35 states that the US was willing to work and push through the situation and that they would succeed in the end.
4. Which do you think is the most useful source for a historian studying the Berlin Blockade?
Source 32 would be the most reliable because of the facts that are listed in the source and the fact that the source is a government report.
5. Which source do you think give the most liable view of the blockade?
Source 35 would be the source that gives the most liable view of the blockade because Truman's statement is the only reliable source out of all of them.
Wednesday, June 1, 2011
Tuesday, May 31, 2011
Chapter 11 Origins of Cold War
page 325 #3 Write your own definition of the term 'Cold War' as it might appear in a historical dictionary.
The definition for ‘Cold War’ as it might be found in a historical dictionary is the war that consisted of no physical violence. -A state of political hostility existing between countries characterized by threats, violent propaganda, subversive activities, and other measures in short of warfare.
page 327 #2 Look at Source 22. Which of these freedoms do you think the Soviet Union would also believe in? Which would it think unimportant?
Soviets would also believe in the freedom that has the freedom from want because the Soviets believe in communism, which is the system that keeps everyone and everything in life completely equal. The freedom from want would allow the communists to succeed in keeping everyone equal because no one would be wishing that they had more and claiming they new things. The freedom that the Soviets would find unimportant would be freedom of speech. This is because freedom of speech would completely contradict the freedom of want in the fact that freedom of speech allows people to speak out about their wishes and what they want from the world and their government, which would not be keeping everyone equal since everyone has different wants and opinions.
page 329 #2, 3
2. Which of the problems shown in Source 26 do you think would be the most urgent for Marshall Aid to tackle?
The problem shown in Source 26 that would be most urgent for Marshall Aid to tackle would be the problem of hunger because if people were starving, many would start to die and it would make the plan go wrong and would fight the main purpose they were trying to succeed.
3. Explain how events in both Greece and Czechoslovakia affected American policy in Europe?
Events in both Greece and Czechoslovakia affected American policy in Europe because when the people of each country were not accepting of America it was hard for America to reach out and help them in their time of need. Under the rule of certain people in each country, they were stubborn and caused events that turned against America.
page 330 #2, 3
2. Do Sources 27-29 support or criticize Marshall Aid?
Sources 27-29 support Marshall Aid because they each point out that he is reaching out and helping the world in every way he possibly can to attempt to save those who had fallen.
3. Do you think the sources give a fair impression of Marshall Aid? Explain your answer.
Yes, I think that the sources give a fair impression of Marshall Aid because Marshall was just trying to help people out by giving the different options and allowing them to have a say in whether he is a part of what they choose to do to save themselves or not.
page 330 Focus Task
How did the USA react to Soviet expansion?
1. The United States plan was to provide aid to anyone who was under threat to communism.
2. They most likely should be worried because the United States is making this a "Cold War" right now, but could use our army if necessary.
3. We wanted them to be able to recover and would "aid" them, but obviously we didn't want them to expand communism with that.
The definition for ‘Cold War’ as it might be found in a historical dictionary is the war that consisted of no physical violence. -A state of political hostility existing between countries characterized by threats, violent propaganda, subversive activities, and other measures in short of warfare.
page 327 #2 Look at Source 22. Which of these freedoms do you think the Soviet Union would also believe in? Which would it think unimportant?
Soviets would also believe in the freedom that has the freedom from want because the Soviets believe in communism, which is the system that keeps everyone and everything in life completely equal. The freedom from want would allow the communists to succeed in keeping everyone equal because no one would be wishing that they had more and claiming they new things. The freedom that the Soviets would find unimportant would be freedom of speech. This is because freedom of speech would completely contradict the freedom of want in the fact that freedom of speech allows people to speak out about their wishes and what they want from the world and their government, which would not be keeping everyone equal since everyone has different wants and opinions.
page 329 #2, 3
2. Which of the problems shown in Source 26 do you think would be the most urgent for Marshall Aid to tackle?
The problem shown in Source 26 that would be most urgent for Marshall Aid to tackle would be the problem of hunger because if people were starving, many would start to die and it would make the plan go wrong and would fight the main purpose they were trying to succeed.
3. Explain how events in both Greece and Czechoslovakia affected American policy in Europe?
Events in both Greece and Czechoslovakia affected American policy in Europe because when the people of each country were not accepting of America it was hard for America to reach out and help them in their time of need. Under the rule of certain people in each country, they were stubborn and caused events that turned against America.
page 330 #2, 3
2. Do Sources 27-29 support or criticize Marshall Aid?
Sources 27-29 support Marshall Aid because they each point out that he is reaching out and helping the world in every way he possibly can to attempt to save those who had fallen.
3. Do you think the sources give a fair impression of Marshall Aid? Explain your answer.
Yes, I think that the sources give a fair impression of Marshall Aid because Marshall was just trying to help people out by giving the different options and allowing them to have a say in whether he is a part of what they choose to do to save themselves or not.
page 330 Focus Task
How did the USA react to Soviet expansion?
1. The United States plan was to provide aid to anyone who was under threat to communism.
2. They most likely should be worried because the United States is making this a "Cold War" right now, but could use our army if necessary.
3. We wanted them to be able to recover and would "aid" them, but obviously we didn't want them to expand communism with that.
Friday, May 27, 2011
The Potsdam Conference
2, 3, and 4
2. I think this is what Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill had in mind because Stalin was not stating that that is what he wanted to happen. I think that he was just making a statement about how it is inevitable for this situation to happen. Stalin did believe this was inevitable but he also thought it was the most effective approach to this war because they had more fighting in them and they believed that imposing armies were necessary.
3. Roosevelt and Churchill would not agree with the statements made by Stalin in Source 13 and 14 because in Source 13, Roosevelt and Churchill did not want to impose their armies, they just wanted things to go their way and did whatever was necessary to make that happen. It was about strategy, not control for them. In Source 14, they would not agree because Stalin was trying to make a power play by stating that, even though he did not agree with the actions of the other two nations, he would not try to fight them. He successfully made himself out to look like a victim of America and Britain by saying that he was nicely trying to keep peace and making it look like they were causing all the problems that had occurred.
4. The three developments may have affected relationships at Portsdam because with Roosevelt gone, and Truman being absolutely anti-Communist, there was tension between the US and the Soviet Union. When Stalin would not give in to the US's and British protest, that caused even more tension between the two. Also when America had set off the atomic bomb and Truman told Stalin this would have caused much tension between the two nations. For Stalin to have communist power in a new part of Europe and for the US to be preparing atomic weaponry, there was no agreeing for the three nations.
2. I think this is what Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill had in mind because Stalin was not stating that that is what he wanted to happen. I think that he was just making a statement about how it is inevitable for this situation to happen. Stalin did believe this was inevitable but he also thought it was the most effective approach to this war because they had more fighting in them and they believed that imposing armies were necessary.
3. Roosevelt and Churchill would not agree with the statements made by Stalin in Source 13 and 14 because in Source 13, Roosevelt and Churchill did not want to impose their armies, they just wanted things to go their way and did whatever was necessary to make that happen. It was about strategy, not control for them. In Source 14, they would not agree because Stalin was trying to make a power play by stating that, even though he did not agree with the actions of the other two nations, he would not try to fight them. He successfully made himself out to look like a victim of America and Britain by saying that he was nicely trying to keep peace and making it look like they were causing all the problems that had occurred.
4. The three developments may have affected relationships at Portsdam because with Roosevelt gone, and Truman being absolutely anti-Communist, there was tension between the US and the Soviet Union. When Stalin would not give in to the US's and British protest, that caused even more tension between the two. Also when America had set off the atomic bomb and Truman told Stalin this would have caused much tension between the two nations. For Stalin to have communist power in a new part of Europe and for the US to be preparing atomic weaponry, there was no agreeing for the three nations.
Thursday, May 19, 2011
Focus Task Origins of Cold War
What was going on behind the scenes at Yalta?
Evidence for Disagreement:
Evidence for Disagreement:
- According to Source 3, Stalin says he doesn't trust America because he thinks that American allies tricked Russia during World War I.
- Source 3: Stalin states that he believes that Churchill will steal even the smallest amount of money from you because he is such a thief. Stalin then gives Roosevelt a "backhanded comment" by saying he's better than Churchill because he would only take large amounts of money from you, not any amount at all.
- According to Source 4, Stalin made it clear that he wanted communism for the Soviet Union, but knew that Churchill and Roosevelt did not agree.
- According to Source 7, Churchill does not agree with Stalin according to the cartoon. The cartoon states that Churchill is looking for England to rule Europe and for there to be a separation in Europe between communists and non-communists if Stalin does not choose to agree with him.
- Source 8 states that Churchill and Roosevelt were not in agreement and that Churchill was supporting democracy while Roosevelt was supporting communism.
- Source 9 says that Churchill was a threat according to Soviet leaders and that he could take communism down. It may have been a biased statement according to Djilas because they did not like him.
- Source 10 states that Churchill does not trust the Russians and that he is always at the ready to begin a war if they are not cooperating with agreements that have been made or should they do something that Churchill does not approve of.
- According to Source 11, Churchill and Stalin were never able to get along and agree on issues. Also there was consistently a power play looking for credit for anything that had gone correctly throughout the time they worked together.
Reasons Why the Source is Reliable or Unreliable:
- Source 3: Stalin is talking to a fellow communist whom he trusts and is doing so quietly so he is bound to be telling the truth.
- Source 4: Djilas is a Stalin supporter and because he was writing this information down, he is more inclined to tell the truth than to lie as he might if he were talking.
- Source 5: This source is somewhat reliable because historians have a tendency to be correct but because he was a Soviet supporter there is bias and he also may not have all the important details that go along with writing about these events.
- Source 6: Since Churchill is writing a letter, by himself, to someone people know agrees with Churchill, there would be no reason for Churchill to lie about how he feels and what he thinks about the situation.
- Source 7: Since this is a political cartoon, there is always bias and the hope in mind that people who do not currently agree with the author's views will change their mind based on the cartoons.
- Source 8: A textbook is unreliable because there is always bias and there is no back story or evidence given to you.]
- Source 9: Source 9 is not very reliable because although he is a supporter of Stalin and Stalin trusts him, he was talking for a group of people, which could be incorrect and could easily have his opinion thrown into the statement instead of the statement being thoroughly the group of people's.
- Source 10: Source 10 is somewhat reliable. Historians usually have a pretty accurate idea of what is going on but at the same time, important details are easily missed so this may or may not be correct.
- Source 11: This source is highly reliable because the man writing was the Minister of the Soviet Foreign policies so he was required to be at Yalta along with them when Stalin and Churchill made these statements.
Evidence for Agreement:
- According to Source 4, Stalin says that Churchill and Roosevelt are both against having such a large communist nation, meaning they agree that they are not, at least, full supporters of communism.
- According to Source 6, while Churchill and Roosevelt are discussing without Stalin, it is obvious that they are in agreement that democracy is needed throughout Europe instead of communism. You can infer that Roosevelt agrees because he is from America and as President of the United States, he obviously supports democracy.
Final Decision:
I think that behind the scenes of this Cold War, people always thought badly about the others and were always attempting to persuade the others to take their sides on the opinion of communism vs. non-communism.
Stalin agreed to enter the war against Japan once Germany had surrendered.
They agreed that Germany would be divided into four zones: American, French, British and
Soviet. Since the German capital, Berlin, was deep in the Soviet zone, it was agreed that Berlin
itself would also be divided into four zones.
ft.s Allied soldiers advanced through Germany, they were revealing the horrors of the Nazi
concentration camps. The Big Three agreed to hunt down and punish war criminals who were
responsible for the genocide.
They agreed that as countries were liberated from occupation by the German army, they would
be allowed to hold free elections to choose the government they wanted.
The Big Three all agreed to join the new United Nations Organisation, which would aim to
keep peace after the war.
The Soviet Union had suffered terribly in the war. An estimated 20 million Soviet people had
died. Stalin was therefore concerned about the future security of the USSR. The Big Three
agreed that eastern Europe should be seen as 'a Soviet sphere of influence'.
The only real disagreement was about Poland. Stalin wanted the border of the USSR to move
westwards into Poland (see Source 14 on page 322). Stalin argued that Poland, in turn, could
move its border westwards into German territory. Churchill did not approve of Stalin's plans
for Poland, but he also knew that there was not velYmuch he could do about it because
Stalin's Red Army was in total control of both Poland and eastern Germany. Roosevelt was also
unhappy about Stalin's plan, but Churchill persuaded Roosevelt to accept it, as long as the
USSR agreed not to interfere in Greece where the British were attempting to prevent the
Communists taking over. Stalin accepted this. It seemed that, although they could not all
agree, they were still able to negotiate and do business with one another.
Stalin agreed to enter the war against Japan once Germany had surrendered.
They agreed that Germany would be divided into four zones: American, French, British and
Soviet. Since the German capital, Berlin, was deep in the Soviet zone, it was agreed that Berlin
itself would also be divided into four zones.
ft.s Allied soldiers advanced through Germany, they were revealing the horrors of the Nazi
concentration camps. The Big Three agreed to hunt down and punish war criminals who were
responsible for the genocide.
They agreed that as countries were liberated from occupation by the German army, they would
be allowed to hold free elections to choose the government they wanted.
The Big Three all agreed to join the new United Nations Organisation, which would aim to
keep peace after the war.
The Soviet Union had suffered terribly in the war. An estimated 20 million Soviet people had
died. Stalin was therefore concerned about the future security of the USSR. The Big Three
agreed that eastern Europe should be seen as 'a Soviet sphere of influence'.
The only real disagreement was about Poland. Stalin wanted the border of the USSR to move
westwards into Poland (see Source 14 on page 322). Stalin argued that Poland, in turn, could
move its border westwards into German territory. Churchill did not approve of Stalin's plans
for Poland, but he also knew that there was not velYmuch he could do about it because
Stalin's Red Army was in total control of both Poland and eastern Germany. Roosevelt was also
unhappy about Stalin's plan, but Churchill persuaded Roosevelt to accept it, as long as the
USSR agreed not to interfere in Greece where the British were attempting to prevent the
Communists taking over. Stalin accepted this. It seemed that, although they could not all
agree, they were still able to negotiate and do business with one another.
Wednesday, May 11, 2011
Focus Task Civil Rights
1. The way you could take the optimistic view of what was happening is through the evidence that when blacks took a stand it gave them hope and courage that things would get better. For instance, when the Montgomery bus movement took place, although it took a year for it to happen, the law became that they could not segregate buses and that everyone could ride them. Another example is when blacks did the lunch counter sit in which although they could not be served food, it prevented whites from being served food at the counters too. The last example is the Little Rock 9. When the government stepped into help the 9 children make their way to school with the federal troops, it gave hope and sent a message of seriousness about this situation to everyone.
2. Pessimism is easily found throughout this whole presentation also. In the first place, violence was very common in the civil rights movements. Not only was it physical abuse that played a role, but also verbal abuse. For instance, during the Little Rock 9, people would surround the 9 blacks that were just trying to make their way to school. They would scream and harass them to no end. But the verbal abuse was not nearly as significant as the physical abuse. To begin, projectiles would be thrown at blacks for being somewhere the whites didn't want them to be. For instance, at the lunch counter sit in, in Source 25 you see blacks having stuff thrown on them,and whites surrounding them tantalizing them. Even more seriously, there was injury caused by physical abuse. An example is the fire hoses. In Source 28 it is seen that fire fighters are spraying blacks with high powered hoses. Not only is this a racist action because they were black, but it was also seriously dangerous to their health. The power of the water from the hose could break a person's ribs and tear off their skin if they are sprayed for too long. According to the reading, these fire hoses have the power to topple down a wall of bricks.
3. In my opinion, there are more reasons to be pessimistic about the whole situation. For every action taken during the Civil Rights Movement, you can find something bad about it that hurt someone, usually blacks. Although there are a lot of events that encouraged blacks and gave them hope, you can not find hope in all of them, some events were just too horrible. Also, the fact that there was a Civil Rights Movement in the first place is horrible because there should be no need for a movement when America is based on equality and freedom for everyone. All in all, in my opinion, there are move events are reasons to be pessimistic about the Civil Rights Movement.
2. Pessimism is easily found throughout this whole presentation also. In the first place, violence was very common in the civil rights movements. Not only was it physical abuse that played a role, but also verbal abuse. For instance, during the Little Rock 9, people would surround the 9 blacks that were just trying to make their way to school. They would scream and harass them to no end. But the verbal abuse was not nearly as significant as the physical abuse. To begin, projectiles would be thrown at blacks for being somewhere the whites didn't want them to be. For instance, at the lunch counter sit in, in Source 25 you see blacks having stuff thrown on them,and whites surrounding them tantalizing them. Even more seriously, there was injury caused by physical abuse. An example is the fire hoses. In Source 28 it is seen that fire fighters are spraying blacks with high powered hoses. Not only is this a racist action because they were black, but it was also seriously dangerous to their health. The power of the water from the hose could break a person's ribs and tear off their skin if they are sprayed for too long. According to the reading, these fire hoses have the power to topple down a wall of bricks.
3. In my opinion, there are more reasons to be pessimistic about the whole situation. For every action taken during the Civil Rights Movement, you can find something bad about it that hurt someone, usually blacks. Although there are a lot of events that encouraged blacks and gave them hope, you can not find hope in all of them, some events were just too horrible. Also, the fact that there was a Civil Rights Movement in the first place is horrible because there should be no need for a movement when America is based on equality and freedom for everyone. All in all, in my opinion, there are move events are reasons to be pessimistic about the Civil Rights Movement.
Tuesday, May 3, 2011
Controversial Article for World War II
Imagine you are a journalist in the USA in 1942. You have just found out about the internment of the Japanese. Explain: 1. How you could write a very controversial article, and what you could put in it. 2. Why you probably wouldn't do this.
1. JAPANESE ARE PUT IN INTERNMENT CAMPS
Earlier today it was announced that all Japanese-Americans will be placed in internment camps so that should the Japanese come attack the United States of America, the Japanese-Americans will not be able to help them. This is a disgrace. America is putting innocent people who will not be any danger to our safety for no justifiable reason. We are encamping people that have done nothing wrong and just leaving them there to fend for themselves. Has no one thought about the fact that their lives are being ruined because of this? While we are keeping them locked up, at home they are losing their jobs and businesses and their families are going to suffer when they are let out of these camps. America is being a disappoinment in this war and making itself out to be horrible people because of this.
2. The reason this article would never be put in a newspaper is because Americans would be unhappy and claim that this would be a revolution against the war and think that the author hates America.
1. JAPANESE ARE PUT IN INTERNMENT CAMPS
Earlier today it was announced that all Japanese-Americans will be placed in internment camps so that should the Japanese come attack the United States of America, the Japanese-Americans will not be able to help them. This is a disgrace. America is putting innocent people who will not be any danger to our safety for no justifiable reason. We are encamping people that have done nothing wrong and just leaving them there to fend for themselves. Has no one thought about the fact that their lives are being ruined because of this? While we are keeping them locked up, at home they are losing their jobs and businesses and their families are going to suffer when they are let out of these camps. America is being a disappoinment in this war and making itself out to be horrible people because of this.
2. The reason this article would never be put in a newspaper is because Americans would be unhappy and claim that this would be a revolution against the war and think that the author hates America.
Monday, March 7, 2011
Opinion on Economic Boom Statement
'Without the new automobile industry, the prosperity of the 1920s would scarcely have been possible.'
I agree with the historian to some extent because the automobile industry was not the only factor that was really important, but still was definitely one of the biggest factors leading to the prosperity of the 1920s. Sources that agree with the historian are Source 15 and 16. Mainly these prove this statement to be true because Source 15 shows how much the development of industry had improved and proves that jobs were provided because of the number of automobiles that were being bought and the demand for them. Source 16 proves that cars were very important to Americans and were a huge demand in America. As seen in the picture, multiple people had a car and the statistic that goes along with this is for every one car there were 5 people which was a lot more compared to around the world. The source that disagrees with this historian is Source 12 which shows how much trusts had an impact on everyone in America, especially the people with power. It provided multiple more people to become wealthy than previously were (which is also shown in Source 11) and that led to a huge boom of people becoming more prosperous.
I agree with the historian to some extent because the automobile industry was not the only factor that was really important, but still was definitely one of the biggest factors leading to the prosperity of the 1920s. Sources that agree with the historian are Source 15 and 16. Mainly these prove this statement to be true because Source 15 shows how much the development of industry had improved and proves that jobs were provided because of the number of automobiles that were being bought and the demand for them. Source 16 proves that cars were very important to Americans and were a huge demand in America. As seen in the picture, multiple people had a car and the statistic that goes along with this is for every one car there were 5 people which was a lot more compared to around the world. The source that disagrees with this historian is Source 12 which shows how much trusts had an impact on everyone in America, especially the people with power. It provided multiple more people to become wealthy than previously were (which is also shown in Source 11) and that led to a huge boom of people becoming more prosperous.
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